Femnet e.V.

The report maps key Bangladesh-based leather manufacturers and foreign buying companies. Understanding production trends and exports and knowing relevant actors in the industry is essential to establish links between the leather industries in Bangladesh, the export markets and all actors involved, as well as for demonstrating gaps in traceability and transparency in leather value chains generally. This mapping lists a number of key manufacturers of leather and leather goods as well as a number of key buyers of these products.

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The Organic Cotton Market Report provides a unique analysis of key data and emerging trends in organic cotton production at global, regional, and country levels. Each year, the report uses data from the previous harvest season and insights from industry insiders to shed light on current issues and priorities for the organic cotton sector.

Textile Exchange has collected data and insights on the global production of certified organic cotton for over 15 years and remains the only organization to do so. We believe such information is critical in facilitating growth of the sector and therefore in facilitating progress towards Textile Exchange’s 2030 Climate+ goal. The report allows companies to make informed sourcing decisions, discover new sourcing destinations, hear from others in the sector, and address current supply chain challenges.

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The garment industry is Turkey’s second largest industry, and is responsible for a large proportion of Turkey’s total exports. The European Union is the largest purchaser of Turkish garment. Small and medium-sized factories with a wide sub-contractor chain dominate the industry, with the working conditions deteriorating down the supply chain. Therefore, although the industry is familiar with international workplace standards and the audits of international buyers, improvements are still needed in many aspects of labour conditions. The issue of unregistered employment is a growing concern throughout the garment industry. It is estimated that almost 70% of the total workforce in the sector is unregistered. These results in workers whare unable tassert their rights tsocial security, job security, freedom of association and right tcollective bargaining. In addition tunregistered employment, the current regulations in Turkey make unionisation a challenge. Although Turkey has ratified the relevant ILConventions, the country has been criticised by ILand the European Union for not complying with international standards on freedom of association and the right tcollective bargaining. A new Act on Trade Unions and Collective Labour Agreements was adopted and took effect in 2012, but the law continues to tbe problematic when it comes tcompliance with ILstandards. The Wager Level in the Garment Industry is Complicated Tprovide Workers with a Living Wager. Although Turkey has the highest minimum wage among FWF priority countries, the legal minimum wage, which can be considered the industry’s average wage, is about 28% of the living wage estimates of local stakeholders.

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The illustrated booklet explains the textile chain to children and explains why a single garment is produced in many different countries. It also addresses the issue of working conditions and what we as consumers can do to improve them. In addition, there are tips on fair clothing, sealing, changing clothes and upcycling. The booklet is already suitable for primary school children and offers various opportunities for participation.

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The recent breakthrough in the feminization of employment that took place in the Ready-made Garment (RMG) industries of Bangladesh has been incorporated by vigorous debate among scholars, policymakers and stakeholders about its effect on women in terms of gender in/equality. Because despite women’s labor force participation tends to increase with economic development, this relationship is often not straightforward or consistent with the elimination of gender discrimination. Based on an analysis of this debate on gender inequality of labor market, this paper explores how garment female workers view and experience gender inequality in their everyday lives in respect to family-market-state relations. Applying a range of qualitative method and revisiting dual-systems theory, the analysis draws on in-depth interviews with twelve female garment workers and on interviews with thirty female garment workers at three garment industries located in different areas of Dhaka city. Empirical findings demonstrate that the new feminization of employment in the ready-made garment industries has portrayed the coexistence and intersections of multiple gender disparities within male-dominated power structures both at family and workplace. It is also evident that capitalist interests along with patriarchal norms and values influence the use of women as a cheap, flexible and docile labor to earn the maximum profits at the minimum possible cost. Findings further reveal that the role of the state is also insufficient to ensure gender equality in the ready-made garment industries. The paper concludes that the increasing rate of feminization of employment in Bangladesh ready-made garment industries does not coincide with the elimination of gender disparities to any larger extent.

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